I am having trouble understanding the uses of the Vてある and Vている structures.
What is most difficult is understanding why Japanese language finds it necessary to differentiate between a state that is the result of an action by someone for a specific purpose, and simply a description of a state.
Fukai sensei said that the Vてある has no equivalent in English.
My question is, why is it necessary to make this distinction in the first place?
まどがあいています。The window is open.
まどがあけてあります。The window has been opened. (by someone for some reason)
But what use is it when the person that has done the action or the reason for taking the action that resulted in the window being open is not explicitly stated? Of course it follows from the context, "She thought it was cold. The window has been opened." But ostensibly, isn't there a possible reason or explanation for any act and a person behind most acts?
Does this mean that when describing things or situations in which people are involved, most will be in this Vてある form? Or only in situations where a specific action is taken and one knows there is a purpose behind it?
The test was difficult. (written by the teacher to test the students?)
Dinner was made (by Father, for the family?)
The books are on the table over there (to be used later by the teacher)
